SAUDI ARABIA’S NATIONAL INTERESTS IN CONFRONTING THE CROSS-BORDER THREAT POSED BY THE HUTHIS, 2019–2024

Abstract

This study is motivated by the growing cross-border threats posed by the Iran-backed Houthi group during the 2019–2024 Yemeni conflict, which directly impact Saudi Arabia’s national interests. Previous studies have primarily focused on the Iran–Saudi Arabia rivalry, and thus have not specifically examined how these cross-border threats affect and are addressed within the framework of Saudi Arabia’s national interests. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the nature of the cross-border threats posed by the Houthi group and their impact on Saudi Arabia’s national interests, particularly in the areas of defense and energy security. The method used is descriptive qualitative analysis with secondary data from international reports, journals, and media. The data is analyzed using Donald E. Nuechterlein’s concept of national interests to identify the affected interests, particularly in the defense and economic sectors. Research findings indicate that the Houthi cross-border threat manifests through ballistic missile and drone attacks targeting Saudi Arabia’s border regions and strategic infrastructure. These attacks directly threaten defense interests by undermining territorial security and the safety of the population, as well as economic interests through attacks on energy facilities such as Saudi Aramco, which impact the stability of oil production and distribution. In conclusion, the conflict in Yemen has evolved into a serious threat to Saudi Arabia’s domestic security.