Jurnal Global Lokal

The Illegal Trade in Used Clothing in Indonesia Amidst the 2019-2024 Protectionist Import Ban Policy

Andi Wijaya — 2026-04-27

The illegal trade of imported used clothing in Indonesia continues to occur, causing direct losses to the domestic textile industry. Although the government has implemented an import ban through the Minister of Trade Regulation Number 40 of 2022 as a form of Friedrich List's protectionism policy, this practice remains widespread in the field. This study aims to find out the reasons why this illegal trade persists, as well as to evaluate the protectionism policy in protecting the local market from global competition. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with a document study method on relevant primary and secondary sources. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews with used clothing traders, local textile vendors, and consumers, alongside direct observations. Data analysis uses the concept of protectionism with a focus on infant industry protection and national interests. The results show that despite the import ban policy, illegal used clothing still enters Indonesia due to the high demand from the Indonesian public for these clothes. State protection efforts have not been able to counter the appeal of the global market. As a result, the government's goal to protect the local textile industry has not been fully achieved. This shows that Indonesia's protectionism policy is not fully supported by the public, so even with the ban in place, the trade of used clothing continues to run domestically.

The Implementation of the European Green Deal (EGD) related to Green Economy Policy in the European Union 2020-2024

ghefin nabilah — 2026-04-28

ABSTRAK

Uni Eropa menghadapi berbagai permasalahan lingkungan seperti peningkatan
emisi gas rumah kaca, perubahan iklim, dan kerusakan ekosistem akibat model
pembangunan ekonomi yang masih bergantung pada energi fosil dan eksploitasi
sumber daya alam. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, Uni Eropa
meluncurkan European Green Deal sebagai strategi pembangunan yang bertujuan
mencapai netralitas iklim pada tahun 2050 serta mendorong transformasi menuju
ekonomi hijau yang berkelanjutan.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi European Green Deal
dalam mendukung kebijakan Green Economy di Uni Eropa pada periode 2020–
2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif
serta menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui studi literatur dari buku,
jurnal ilmiah, laporan organisasi internasional, dan dokumen resmi Uni Eropa.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi European Green Deal
dilakukan melalui beberapa kebijakan utama, seperti transisi energi bersih,
pengembangan ekonomi sirkular, transportasi berkelanjutan, sistem pangan
berkelanjutan, perlindungan keanekaragaman hayati, serta mekanisme pembiayaan
transisi hijau. Kebijakan tersebut menunjukkan upaya Uni Eropa dalam
mengintegrasikan aspek lingkungan ke dalam pembangunan ekonomi guna
mewujudkan Green Economy, meskipun masih menghadapi tantangan seperti
ketergantungan sebagian negara anggota terhadap energi fosil dan kebutuhan
investasi yang besar untuk mendukung transisi hijau.

Kata Kunci: European Green Deal, Green Economy, Uni Eropa, Kebijakan
Lingkungan

ABSTRACT
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EUROPEAN GREEN DEAL (EGD)
RELATED GREEN ECONOMY POLICIES IN THE EUROPEAN
UNION 2020–2024

The European Union faces various environmental challenges, including rising
greenhouse gas emissions, climate change, and ecosystem degradation caused by
economic development models that still rely heavily on fossil fuels and natural
resource exploitation. In response, the European Union introduced the European
Green Deal as a development strategy aimed at achieving climate neutrality by 2050
and promoting the transition toward a sustainable green economy.
This study aims to analyze the implementation of the European Green Deal in
supporting Green Economy policies in the European Union during the period 2020–
2024. The research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method and relies
on secondary data obtained from books, academic journals, reports from
international organizations, and official documents of the European Union.
The results show that the implementation of the European Green Deal is carried out
through several key policies, including clean energy transition, circular economy
development, sustainable transportation, sustainable food systems, biodiversity
protection, and green transition financing. These policies demonstrate the European
Union’s efforts to integrate environmental aspects into economic development to
achieve a Green Economy, although several challenges remain, such as the
dependence of some member states on fossil fuels and the large investment required
for the green transition.

Keywords: European Green Deal, Green Economy, European Union,
Environmental Policy.

SAUDI ARABIA’S NATIONAL INTERESTS IN CONFRONTING THE CROSS-BORDER THREAT POSED BY THE HUTHIS, 2019–2024

Tasya Aprilia Saputri — 2026-04-28

This study is motivated by the growing cross-border threats posed by the Iran-backed Houthi group during the 2019–2024 Yemeni conflict, which directly impact Saudi Arabia’s national interests. Previous studies have primarily focused on the Iran–Saudi Arabia rivalry, and thus have not specifically examined how these cross-border threats affect and are addressed within the framework of Saudi Arabia’s national interests. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the nature of the cross-border threats posed by the Houthi group and their impact on Saudi Arabia’s national interests, particularly in the areas of defense and energy security. The method used is descriptive qualitative analysis with secondary data from international reports, journals, and media. The data is analyzed using Donald E. Nuechterlein’s concept of national interests to identify the affected interests, particularly in the defense and economic sectors. Research findings indicate that the Houthi cross-border threat manifests through ballistic missile and drone attacks targeting Saudi Arabia’s border regions and strategic infrastructure. These attacks directly threaten defense interests by undermining territorial security and the safety of the population, as well as economic interests through attacks on energy facilities such as Saudi Aramco, which impact the stability of oil production and distribution. In conclusion, the conflict in Yemen has evolved into a serious threat to Saudi Arabia’s domestic security.

THE ROLE OF AIESEC INDONESIA IN THE SPREAD OF INDONESIAN CULTURE IN 2022-2025

Dian Claudia Sefria — 2026-04-28

The crossing of Indonesian culture is an effort to introduce, maintain, and promote national cultural richness to the international community by adjusting to the dynamics of post-pandemic global interaction. In this period, cultural cross-cultural activities include various forms of implementation, both through festivals and cultural exchanges that are direct and through the use of digital platforms and cross-sector collaboration. In this framework, the role of non-state actors, including international youth organizations, is one of the supporting elements in strengthening Indonesia's positive image at the global level. This study analyzes the role of AIESEC as a non-state actor in the cross-cultural crossing of Indonesia in 2022–2025 through AIESEC's global programs. The research uses the international organization theory of Clive Archer (2001), which views the role of non-state actors as instruments, arenas, and actors, as well as the existence that gains legitimacy in the international system. The method used is descriptive qualitative with primary and secondary data collection through interviews, activity reports, official publications, and online sources. The results of the study show that AIESEC plays an active role in crossing Indonesian culture. Referring to Clive Archer, AIESEC functions as an instrument that channels Indonesian cultural values and practices through exchange activities; as an arena that provides a space for cross-cultural interaction between international and national youth; and as an independent actor who autonomously designs programs and builds global networks without relying on the state. These three functions show that AIESEC also supports the expansion of Indonesia's cultural reach and the strengthening of a positive image at the international level.

Implementasi The European Green Deal Terhadap Industri Fast Fashion: Studi Kasus Jerman

Annisa Jovancka — 2026-04-28

Perubahan iklim mendorong Uni Eropa mengadopsi European Green Deal (EGD) sebagai strategi transisi menuju ekonomi hijau dan netral karbon. Industri fast fashion menjadi fokus karena menghasilkan emisi tinggi dan limbah tekstil. Penelitian ini menganalisis implementasi EGD terhadap industri fast fashion di Jerman dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif menggunakan teori Rezim Internasional dan konsep Ekonomi Sirkular. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa EGD membentuk norma dan prinsip yang mengarahkan negara anggota pada praktik ekonomi sirkular. Jerman, sebagai aktor utama Uni Eropa, mengintegrasikan regulasi lingkungan, inovasi produksi, dan kesadaran keberlanjutan dalam sektor fast fashion domestik. Meski demikian, implementasi menghadapi hambatan pada rantai pasok global, potensi greenwashing, dan dampak jangka panjang terhadap daya saing industri. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penerapan EGD di Jerman mencerminkan komitmen transisi hijau, namun memerlukan strategi adaptif untuk mengatasi tantangan implementatif.

The UK-GERMANY COOPERATION IN OVERCOMING PROBLEMS MIGRANT SMUGGLING, 2020—2024

Yosan Efendi — 2026-04-28

Migrant smuggling is an illegal practice that involves the unlawful transfer of individuals across international borders in exchange for certain financial or material rewards. Germany's strategic location as a transit country makes it the main route in the process of smuggling migrants to the UK. In response to these problems, Britain established various efforts in the form of cooperation with Germany. Therefore, this study aims to describe the problem of migrant smuggling and analyze the form of cooperation carried out by the United Kingdom and Germany. This research uses the concept of international cooperation and the concept of transnational organized crime. This study uses a qualitative methodology with secondary data collection techniques. Data comes from vice sites, think tanks, media reports, and related scientific articles. The results of the study show that British-German cooperation in overcoming migrant smuggling is through seven forms of cooperation, including extradition, mutual legal assistance, joint operations, information exchange, tracking and confiscation of assets, and human rights protection for victims of migrant smuggling. However, this cooperation has not been completely completed because cases of migrant smuggling in the UK through German transit increased significantly from 2020 to 2024. This is due to conflicts, economic disparities, involvement in cross-border criminal networks, corrupt practices, as well as limitations and negligence at the level of operational coordination of cooperation between the two countries.

THE ROLE OF INDONESIAN DIGITAL INFLUENCERS IN POPULARIZING CHINESE BEAUTY PRODUCTS THROUGH THE TIKTOK PLATFORM

Firsandini — 2026-04-28

Chinese beauty products represent a category of foreign cosmetics that have entered the Indonesian market and have been associated with audience skepticism, particularly in relation to conventional celebrity endorsement practices. Digital influencers are observed to produce content emphasizing honest narratives and everyday practices to strengthen audience trust. This study aims to describe the role of digital influencers in popularizing Chinese beauty products in Indonesia by applying the theory of commodity fetishism and the concept of digital influencers through a descriptive qualitative, literature-based approach. Data were collected from academic journals, scholarly publications, product reviews, and content analyses, and were analyzed using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña model, with attention to transparency, content authenticity, and cultural alignment. The research results show that the process of digital influencers builds trust with the audience by providing examples of product use in the form of videos throught daily activities and the suitability of products with the needs of the audience in Indonesia. The approroach taken by digital influencers still given an authentic impression even with the offer of paid company advertising collaborations.